From Scotland’s three-day emergency kit to South Korea’s month-long civil-defence reserves, a review of official guidance from 48 countries reveals how governments are preparing populations for disrupted food, water, electricity and communications.
11 November 2026 | International Affairs, Civil Protection and Public Safety
Governments around the world are encouraging households to store emergency food, drinking water, medicines and other essential supplies, as concerns grow over the ability of public services to withstand natural disasters, cyberattacks, infrastructure failures and military conflict.
The latest development came on 3 November 2026, when the European Commission published new population-preparedness guidelines intended to help European countries achieve at least 72 hours of household self-sufficiency during emergencies.
The guidance forms part of the European Union’s wider Preparedness Union Strategy, adopted in March 2025. It calls for households to be equipped to meet their essential needs during the first three days of a crisis, when emergency services may be concentrating on the most vulnerable and essential infrastructure may not yet have been restored.
The recommendations cover food, water, medicines, communication equipment and portable emergency supplies. They also address preparedness education, public warnings and arrangements for people with disabilities.
The Commission’s guidelines are not legally binding. They do not establish a compulsory stockpiling requirement, nor do they indicate that European authorities expect a particular emergency to occur within the next 72 hours.
Nevertheless, their publication comes amid a wider international effort to increase civilian preparedness.
On 22 October, the UK Government launched its three-year Be Ready public information campaign, encouraging households to maintain enough supplies to manage without normal services for at least three days. Scotland updated its own Ready Scotland emergency-kit guidance on the same date.
Japan, meanwhile, established a new National Disaster Management Agency on 2 November and urged residents to maintain food and water reserves sufficient for at least three days, preferably a week.
And in Brazil, a national recommendation to assemble 72-hour emergency kits prompted enough public concern that the federal government issued a formal clarification on 7 November, explaining that the advice was preventive and did not represent a warning of imminent catastrophe.
These developments reflect a growing emphasis on household resilience, although the reasons for issuing guidance differ considerably between countries.
Scotland Advises Households to Prepare for Three Days
For Scottish households, the relevant advice is published through the Scottish Government’s Ready Scotland service and the UK Government’s Be Ready campaign.
Ready Scotland’s emergency-kit guidance, updated on 22 October, recommends keeping three days of bottled water and food that does not require cooking or refrigeration.
Households are also encouraged to maintain essential medicines, a first-aid kit, a battery-operated or wind-up radio, a torch, spare batteries, a phone charger, important documents and supplies for children, pets and anyone with additional medical or accessibility needs.
The UK guidance is more specific about drinking water. It recommends three litres per person per day for three days, or nine litres for each person, with additional quantities required for cooking, washing, infant formula, pets or medical equipment.
The guidance also recommends cash because electronic payment systems and cash machines may become unavailable during a prolonged electricity or communications failure.
The new British campaign is intended to address relatively low levels of public preparedness.
In a written statement to Parliament on 22 October, Security Minister Dan Jarvis reported that government research found only 13 per cent of people in the UK felt prepared for an emergency that could interrupt essential services. Another 84 per cent wanted the government to provide more information about preparing for such events.
The campaign was developed with the Scottish Government, Welsh Government and Northern Ireland Executive, alongside local authorities and other organisations.
For Scotland, the practical consequences of disrupted services vary significantly by location.
Households in remote Highland communities, islands and rural settlements may face longer delays in restoring electricity, roads and communications than those in major urban areas. Severe weather can interrupt ferry services, block roads, damage electricity distribution equipment and isolate communities from ordinary supply routes.
The Scottish guidance recognises these differences, advising households to consider their location, medical needs and potential evacuation arrangements rather than relying exclusively on a standard checklist.
Europe Is Moving Towards a Common Preparedness Baseline
The European Commission’s 72-hour recommendation does not replace existing national guidance.
Several European governments already recommend substantially longer periods of household preparedness, while others have maintained three-day advice for years.
Sweden recommends at least seven days of household self-sufficiency. Its civil-defence authorities explicitly describe the advice as preparation for both peacetime crises and war.
Norway also recommends a week, including approximately 20 litres of stored drinking water per person.
Germany encourages households to work towards ten days of food and water, although its Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance acknowledges that even three days of supplies represents a useful initial level of preparedness.
Austria’s civil protection organisation recommends planning for 10 to 14 days, including food, water, communications and arrangements for warmth and cooking without ordinary utilities.
Finland, Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium and France use a three-day or 72-hour framework.
Switzerland takes a different approach. The Federal Office for National Economic Supply recommends approximately one week’s food and nine litres of water per person, intended to cover drinking and cooking needs for three days.
These differences do not establish that Germany or Sweden expects a longer or more serious emergency than France or Britain.
They reflect different national planning assumptions, geography, historic experience, public-service arrangements and the types of emergencies considered.
Sweden’s advice, for example, forms part of a long-established system of total defence involving both civilian and military preparedness. Japan’s household guidance is strongly influenced by earthquake and tsunami risks, while Caribbean and Pacific preparedness advice often concentrates on severe storms and other natural hazards.
How Long Are Governments Advising Households to Prepare?
The following comparison draws on official government and civil-protection guidance identified across 48 countries.
It distinguishes general household preparedness from shorter evacuation bags and advice designed for particular emergencies. A recommendation to maintain supplies for a given number of days is not a forecast of the duration of an emergency.
Europe
| Country | Recommended period | Main preparations or qualification |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 3 days | Water, ready-to-eat food, medicines, radio, lighting, batteries, cash and documents |
| Sweden | At least 7 days | Food, water, warmth, medicines, radio, cash and family plans |
| Norway | 7 days | Food, 20 litres of water per person, warmth, medicines and communications |
| Denmark | 3 days | Water, food, medicines, hygiene, warmth and emergency radio |
| Finland | 72 hours | Food, water, medicine, lighting, power bank and alternative cooking |
| Estonia | At least 7 days | Food, medicine, hygiene, radio, lighting and access to drinking water |
| Latvia | 72 hours | Water, food, medicines, identification and emergency bag |
| Lithuania | 72 hours | Food, water, medicine, evacuation supplies and family arrangements |
| Netherlands | 72 hours | Water, food, cash, radio, medicines and portable charger |
| Belgium | 72 hours | Food, water, medicines, lighting and evacuation essentials |
| France | 72 hours | Six litres of water per person, food, radio, torch, medicines and documents |
| Germany | Aim for 10 days | Food, water, medicines, hygiene and communications; three days as a starting point |
| Austria | 10–14 days | Food, water, heating and cooking alternatives, medicines and radio |
| Switzerland | 7 days’ food; 3 days’ water | Nine litres of water per person, food, medicines, lighting, radio and cash |
| Czech Republic | 72 hours | Food, water, medicines, first aid, radio, cash and documents |
| Poland | At least 3 days | Food, three litres of water per person daily, medicines, radio and cash |
| Ireland | Up to 3 days | Food, water, emergency kit, first aid and important documents |
| Croatia | At least 2 days | Evacuation supplies, including water, food, clothing and medicines |
| Romania | 72 hours | Emergency backpack guidance, including food, water, medication and identification |
| Slovenia | At least 3 days’ water | Food, medicines, hygiene, radio and other household reserves |
| Slovakia | Up to 14 days in a blackout scenario | Food, water, medicines, lighting and alternatives to disrupted utilities |
| Ukraine | 3–5 days in energy-disruption advice | Food, water, warm clothing, charging equipment, documents and cash |
| Türkiye | 72-hour disaster bag | Food, water, first aid, medicines, torch, radio and identification |
| Italy | No uniform national duration established | Emergency supplies and evacuation preparations for specific hazards |
| Malta | No uniform national duration established | Emergency bag, medicine, water, documents and lighting |
| Cyprus | No uniform national duration established | Emergency supplies and civil-defence arrangements for identified threats |
| Luxembourg | No uniform national duration established | Emergency bag, food, water, medicines and essential documents |
| Portugal | EU 72-hour guidance applies as a recommendation | General emergency preparedness; separate national minimum not established in this review |
The European figures require some qualification. Austria’s recommendation comes from its national civil protection association rather than a compulsory government order. Croatia’s two-day figure concerns an evacuation kit, while Slovakia’s longer figure relates to an extended disruption scenario.
Likewise, the absence of a verified uniform duration for Italy, Malta or Cyprus does not mean those countries lack emergency planning systems.
Asia, the Middle East and Pacific
| Country | Recommended period | Main preparations or qualification |
|---|---|---|
| Japan | 3 days minimum; preferably 7 or more | Water, food, portable toilets, medicines and earthquake supplies |
| Taiwan | 7 days at home; 1–3 days in evacuation bag | Food, three litres of water per person daily, radio, medicine and documents |
| South Korea | 30 days’ food and water in civil-defence guidance | Long-life food, drinking water, stove, medicine, radio and protective equipment |
| China | 3-day basic emergency kit | Water, food, medicines, lighting, radio and first aid |
| India | At least 7 days in cyclone guidance | Food, water, medicines, radio, phone and protected documents |
| Israel | At least 3 days | Food, water, emergency lighting, medicine, radio and shelter supplies |
| Thailand | 72-hour emergency bag | Water, food, medicines, first aid, torch and communication equipment |
| Philippines | 72-hour emergency bag | Food, water, medicines, first aid, radio and personal documents |
| Indonesia | 3-day evacuation bag | Food, water, clothing, medicine, money and identification |
| Singapore | 2 weeks’ essential food in civil-defence guidance | Long-life food; separate portable emergency bag and protective arrangements |
| United Arab Emirates | 2-week example food reserve | Staple foods, water and household supplies; an illustrative planning example |
| New Zealand | 3 days minimum; preferably a week | Food, water, medicines, radio, lighting, hygiene and emergency plans |
| Australia | 3 days in Queensland guidance | Emergency kit with water, food, medicines, documents, radio and clothing |
South Korea has one of the longest periods identified in this survey.
The country’s official national safety portal lists 30 days of food and drinking water among recommended civil-defence household supplies. The guidance includes long-life staples such as rice, noodles and canned food, as well as emergency cooking equipment and protective materials.
This is separate from the smaller bags intended to be carried during evacuation.
Taiwan’s public safety guidance similarly distinguishes between supplies retained in the home and a portable bag. Households are advised to prepare for seven days, while evacuation supplies are designed to cover a shorter period.
Japan’s three-to-seven-day recommendation reflects the possibility of major earthquakes interrupting transport, communications, water distribution and food supplies across large areas.
The creation of Japan’s new National Disaster Management Agency on 2 November 2026 adds a recent development to these longstanding preparations. Its initial public appeal focused on household supplies, securing furniture and identifying evacuation shelters.
Singapore’s civil-defence handbook includes a two-week food-stockpiling example. That figure should not be interpreted as a universal requirement to carry two weeks of provisions during evacuation.
North and South America
| Country | Recommended period | Main preparations or qualification |
|---|---|---|
| United States | At least 3 days | One US gallon of water per person daily, food, first aid, radio and medicines |
| Canada | 72 hours | Food, water, torch, batteries, medicines, cash and documents |
| Chile | 48–72 hours | Food, water, first aid, medicines, clothing, radio and cash |
| Brazil | 72-hour emergency kit | Water, food, medicines, identification and first aid; preventive advice |
| Argentina | First 24 hours in evacuation bag | Food, water, first aid, identification, medicine and cash |
| Peru | 24-hour bag plus reserves for days 2–4 | Food, water, clothing, blankets, medicines, hygiene and cooking supplies |
The United States Federal Emergency Management Agency recommends maintaining supplies sufficient for at least three days, including one US gallon of water per person per day for drinking and sanitation.
Canada’s federal guidance similarly recommends an emergency kit that can sustain a household for at least 72 hours.
Peru’s National Institute of Civil Defence uses a different model, separating supplies into a portable bag for the first 24 hours and a reserve box containing provisions for the following three days.
This allows households to retain supplies at home while having essential belongings ready for rapid evacuation following earthquakes or other disasters.
Brazil’s recent public discussion provides an example of how preparedness campaigns can be misinterpreted.
On 7 November, the country’s Ministry of Integration and Regional Development issued an official statement after emergency-kit advice attracted speculation online.
The ministry explained that the national civil-defence service had not issued an extraordinary warning and that the advice did not indicate an expected nationwide interruption of food, electricity or other essential services.
The government said comparable preparedness material had already been circulated in March and April.
Africa
| Country | Recommended period | Main preparations or qualification |
|---|---|---|
| South Africa | 72-hour disaster preparedness | Food, water, first aid, medicines and household plans; Cape Town gives specific water quantities |
South African disaster-preparedness material includes three-day emergency supplies, while Cape Town’s municipal advice provides more detailed guidance on drinking water and household needs.
The South African entry combines national disaster-prevention material with local authority recommendations and should not be interpreted as a newly issued nationwide alert.
This survey does not establish that countries absent from the tables have no preparedness guidance. It reflects the official material located for the 48 countries reviewed, not an exhaustive census of all governments.
Why the Recommended Supplies Differ
Although three days is the most frequently encountered period in the survey, the international recommendations are not entirely comparable.
Some authorities describe the minimum time households should be able to remain safely at home without electricity, water or transport.
Others refer to a portable evacuation bag, intended to contain essential items for the first day or two after leaving a property.
A third category addresses extended disruptions, including prolonged blackouts, war-related emergencies or situations in which supply chains may remain unavailable for weeks.
These distinctions help explain why Germany recommends working towards ten days, while the UK advises three days.
The actual contents of a household’s supplies also depend on how national authorities expect water distribution, rescue operations and emergency accommodation to function.
Switzerland, for example, recommends nine litres of water per person for three days. Its federal guidance notes that public water suppliers have responsibilities to provide minimum drinking-water supplies from the fourth day of an interruption.
Norway’s recommendation of approximately 20 litres per person is intended to cover essential requirements over a full week.
The UK’s recommendation of nine litres per person for three days is specifically for drinking, with additional supplies needed for other purposes.
France’s emergency kit uses six litres per person over three days.
The figures should not be treated as interchangeable. A recommendation covering drinking water alone may be substantially smaller than one that includes cooking, basic hygiene and other domestic uses.
What Almost Every Government Includes
Despite national differences, the official guides repeatedly identify the same essential requirements.
Drinking water and food are the foundation of most household preparedness plans. Authorities generally recommend items that can be stored without refrigeration and eaten without significant cooking or water consumption.
Medicines and first-aid equipment are also prominent, particularly for people whose health depends on regular prescriptions or electrically powered medical devices.
Independent lighting and information sources are another common feature. Battery-powered or wind-up radios appear throughout the international guidance because mobile networks, household internet connections and television services may become unavailable during major disruptions.
Governments also recommend charged power banks, spare batteries, cash and copies of essential documents.
Cold-weather countries place particular emphasis on maintaining warmth without conventional heating, while earthquake-prone regions give additional attention to emergency sanitation, portable toilets and rapid evacuation.
There is also growing recognition that a standard emergency kit may not meet everyone’s needs.
The European Commission’s November guidance specifically addresses preparedness for people with disabilities, including accessible public warnings, suitable emergency equipment and participation in evacuation planning.
Scotland’s own guidance similarly recognises the different requirements of people with disabilities, ongoing medical needs, young children, pets and assistance animals.
Does This Mean Governments Are Preparing for War?
Military conflict is one of the threats explicitly identified in several national preparedness systems, particularly those of northern and eastern European countries.
Sweden’s civil-defence information addresses both peacetime emergencies and war. Latvia’s 72-hour campaign, introduced in 2020, identifies military and cyber threats alongside floods, storms and power failures.
Taiwan’s preparedness guidance is published within a broader framework of national security and whole-of-society resilience.
The European Commission’s Preparedness Union Strategy also identifies geopolitical tensions, cyberattacks and threats to critical infrastructure as reasons to improve civilian resilience.
However, the presence of military threats within those documents does not establish that governments have received intelligence predicting an imminent attack.
Much of the guidance predates the current international tensions.
Sweden’s week-long preparedness recommendation developed from defence planning decisions taken in 2020. Latvia introduced its 72-hour public information campaign that same year. Japan has promoted emergency household supplies for decades because of earthquake and tsunami risks.
The latest European guidance is therefore best understood as an extension of existing civil-protection planning rather than evidence of a coordinated warning of imminent war.
The distinction is important because the same emergency supplies can be useful during very different events.
A lengthy electricity failure caused by a winter storm, a cyberattack on distribution systems, a major earthquake and wartime disruption can all leave households temporarily without food deliveries, running water, heating, communications or electronic payments.
The household-preparedness recommendations address the consequences of those failures, not necessarily their causes.
Governments Are Asking Households to Share Part of the Burden
A recurring argument in the official documents is that households capable of supporting themselves temporarily can reduce pressure on emergency responders.
The Czech Republic’s 72-hour guidance explains that emergency services can then concentrate on people facing immediate danger or who cannot manage independently.
Sweden makes a similar argument, asking households to prepare for at least one week so public resources can be concentrated on those with the greatest needs.
The European Commission’s new guidelines adopt the same principle, describing household self-sufficiency as a way of bridging the initial period while public assistance is mobilised.
This approach does not remove the responsibility of governments to maintain essential services and respond to emergencies.
Nor does a three-day target mean that people should postpone seeking assistance when their lives are in danger. Emergency responses depend on the nature and seriousness of the incident, and immediate rescue remains essential.
For households with limited financial resources or storage space, several governments explicitly recommend building supplies gradually rather than purchasing everything at once.
Scotland’s Ready Scotland guidance advises people to make use of items already available in their homes and to adapt their preparations to individual circumstances.
The UK’s Be Ready campaign recommends checking existing supplies before buying additional items and replacing food and other goods through normal household shopping.
What the November Developments Mean
The international comparison demonstrates that civilian preparedness is now a prominent feature of public safety policy across Europe, Asia, the Americas and the Pacific.
What has changed in November 2026 is not the invention of household emergency stockpiles, but the renewed attention being given to them.
The European Commission has issued new guidance intended to make 72-hour self-sufficiency a common preparedness objective across participating countries. Britain and Scotland have refreshed their public information campaigns. Japan has established a new national disaster agency and renewed its call for household preparations.
At the same time, the response in Brazil demonstrates the importance of separating preventive advice from an actual emergency warning.
The 48-country comparison does not indicate that those governments have simultaneously identified a specific threat or that a global conflict is imminent.
It does, however, show that many public authorities are placing greater emphasis on the ability of households to manage independently when essential services fail.
For Scotland, where winter storms, flooding and transport disruption are established risks, the immediate recommendation remains three days of food, water and other essentials, adapted to household circumstances and location.
The wider international evidence suggests that three days is increasingly treated as a useful minimum rather than a guarantee that every disruption will have ended within that period.
Sources
European Union and United Kingdom
Commission Takes New Steps to Prepare Europeans for Growing Crisis Risks. European Commission, Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations, 3 November 2026.
https://civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu/news-stories/news/commission-takes-new-steps-prepare-europeans-growing-crisis-risks-2026-11-03_en
Population Preparedness Guidelines Under the EU Preparedness Union Strategy. European Commission, 3 November 2026.
https://civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu/what/civil-protection/preparedness_en
Households Encouraged to Take Small, Simple Steps to Stay Prepared in an Emergency. UK Cabinet Office, 22 October 2026.
https://www.gov.uk/government/news/households-encouraged-to-take-small-simple-steps-to-stay-prepared-in-an-emergency
Strengthening Community Resilience Across the UK. UK Parliament, Written Ministerial Statement HCWS409, 22 October 2026.
https://questions-statements.parliament.uk/written-statements/detail/2026-10-22/hcws409
Make an Emergency Kit. Ready Scotland, Scottish Government, updated 22 October 2026.
https://ready.campaign.gov.scot/emergency-kit
Be Ready for Emergencies. UK Government, launched 22 October 2026.
https://beready.campaign.gov.uk/be-ready-for-emergencies/
Water Supply Interruptions or Outages. UK Government, Be Ready public guidance.
https://beready.campaign.gov.uk/be-informed-about-hazards/water-supply-interruptions-or-outages/
European National Guidance
Basics of Home Preparedness. Swedish Civil Defence and Resilience Agency, official guidance.
https://www.mcf.se/en/advice-for-individuals/home-preparedness–prepping-for-at-least-a-week/basics-of-home-emergency-preparedness/
How to Store Drinking Water. Norwegian Directorate for Civil Protection, official guidance.
https://www.dsb.no/en/Safe-everyday-life/Self-preparedness/How-to-store-drinking-water/
Forberedt på Kriser. Danish Government, official citizen preparedness guidance.
https://www.borger.dk/politi-retsvaesen-forsvar/forsvar-og-beredskab/forberedt-paa-kriser
72 Hours: Home Preparedness. Finnish preparedness programme, official public guidance.
https://72tuntia.fi/en/
Emergency Supplies. Estonian Rescue Board, Ole Valmis.
https://www.olevalmis.ee/en/emergency-supplies
Ministry of Defence Launches Public Crisis Response Awareness Campaign. Latvian Ministry of Defence, 30 October 2020.
https://www.mod.gov.lv/en/news/ministry-defence-launches-public-crisis-response-awareness-campaign
LT72 Emergency Preparedness. Lithuanian national emergency guidance.
https://lt72.lt/lt72
Putting Together an Emergency Kit. Dutch Government, Denk Vooruit.
https://english.denkvooruit.nl/prepare-yourself/putting-together-an-emergency-kit
Emergency Kit at Home. Belgian National Crisis Centre.
https://crisiscentrum.be/nl/wat-kan-jij-doen/maak-een-noodpakket/een-noodpakket-bij-je-thuis
Kit d’Urgence. French Civil Security Directorate, Ministry of the Interior.
https://www.securite-civile.interieur.gouv.fr/reagir/comment-se-preparer-face-aux-risques/kit-durgence
Planning Ahead for Crises and Disasters. German Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance, emergency preparedness brochure.
https://www.bbk.bund.de/DE/Warnung-Vorsorge/Vorsorge/So-koennen-Sie-sich-vorbereiten/Bevorraten/bevorraten_node.html
Krisenfester Haushalt. Austrian Civil Protection Association.
https://zivilschutz.at/thema/krisenfester-haushalt/
We Advise — Emergency Supplies. Swiss Federal Office for National Economic Supply, brochure dated 13 October 2025.
https://www.bwl.admin.ch/en/we-advise-emergency-supplies
Emergency Supplies for 72 Hours. Czech Ministry of the Interior, 72hodin.
https://www.72h.gov.cz/en/emergency-supplies
Przygotuj Swoje Otoczenie. Polish Government, national safety guide.
https://www.gov.pl/web/poradnikbezpieczenstwa/przygotuj-swoje-otoczenie
Being Prepared. Irish Government, Department of Defence and Office of Emergency Planning, published 12 October 2020, updated 8 June 2021.
https://www.gov.ie/en/department-of-defence/publications/being-prepared/
Be Prepared for Disasters. Slovenian Government, official civil-protection guidance.
https://www.gov.si/teme/bodite-pripravljeni-ob-nesrecah/
Civil-Protection Preparedness. Croatian Civil Protection Directorate.
https://civilna-zastita.gov.hr/
Rucsacul de Urgență. Romanian General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations, emergency backpack guidance.
https://isumm.igsu.ro/comunicate-de-presa/rucsacul-de-urgenta-292
Emergency Preparedness and Blackout Guidance. Slovak Ministry of the Interior.
https://www.minv.sk/swift_data/source/images/conflict-brochure-eng.pdf
Energy Emergency Preparedness Advice. Ukrainian Ministry of Internal Affairs.
https://mvs.gov.ua/news/mvs-rozpovidaje-iak-pid-cas-nadzvicainoyi-situaciyi-v-energetici-podbati-pro-bazovu-gotovnist
Emergency Disaster Bag Guidance. Turkish Disaster and Emergency Management Authority, AFAD.
https://sirnak.afad.gov.tr/afet-cantani-hazirla-ki-canin-sag-olsun
Emergency Preparedness. Italian Civil Protection Department.
https://www.protezionecivile.gov.it/en/approfondimento/in-the-event-of-flooding/
Civil Protection Information. Government of Malta, 13 April 2026.
https://www.gov.mt/en/Government/DOI/Press%20Releases/Pages/2026/04/13/pr260599en.aspx
Civil Defence and Emergency Preparations. Government of Cyprus.
https://www.gov.cy/esoterika-themata/energeies-dynamis-politikis-amynas-stin-periochi-akrotiriou/
National Crisis Information. Luxembourg Government.
https://infocrise.public.lu/
Asia, Middle East and Pacific
Disaster Preparedness at Home. Prime Minister’s Office of Japan, Cabinet Secretariat preparedness advice.
https://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/headline/bousai/sonae.html
Household Emergency Supplies. Taiwan Ministry of National Defense, Whole-of-Society Safety Guide.
https://prepare.mnd.gov.tw/emergency-supplies/household-supplies
Emergency Preparedness Supplies. South Korea Ministry of the Interior and Safety, National Safety Portal.
https://www.safekorea.go.kr/safekorea-kor/acts/nacts/action-guide.do?category=preparationEmcSuply&menuSn=4
Emergency Household Supplies. Chinese Ministry of Emergency Management, 29 November 2020.
https://www.mem.gov.cn/kp/shaq/202011/t20201129_372149.shtml
Disaster Preparedness Guidance. Indian National Disaster Management Authority.
https://sachet.ndma.gov.in/DosDont
Preparing for Emergencies With All the Required Equipment. Government of Israel, 22 September 2024, updated 23 September 2024.
https://www.gov.il/en/pages/emergency-equipment
Emergency Bag Guidance. Thailand Government Public Relations Department.
https://queensirikit.prd.go.th/th/content/category/detail/id/35/iid/533126
72-Hour Self-Sufficiency. Philippine Office of Civil Defense, public preparedness guidance.
https://pia.gov.ph/news/ocd-ncr-72-hr-self-sufficiency-crucial-survival-measure-after-big-one/
Emergency Evacuation Bag. Indonesian National Disaster Management Agency.
https://bnpb.go.id/berita/edukasi-tas-siaga-bencana-bagi-warga-tambakrejo
Civil Defence Emergency Handbook, 10th Edition. Singapore Civil Defence Force, 2026.
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Emergency Planning Guide. United Arab Emirates National Emergency Crisis and Disasters Management Authority.
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Have Emergency Supplies. New Zealand National Emergency Management Agency.
https://www.civildefence.govt.nz/guidance-training/consistent-messages/readiness/have-emergency-supplies
Pack an Emergency Kit. Queensland Government, Australia.
https://www.qld.gov.au/emergency/dealing-disasters/disaster-types/flood/flood-prepare/pack-an-emergency-kit
North and South America
Build an Emergency Kit. United States Federal Emergency Management Agency, Ready.gov.
https://www.ready.gov/kit
Get an Emergency Kit. Government of Canada, Get Prepared.
https://www.canada.ca/en/services/policing/emergencies/preparedness/get-prepared/emergency-kits/get-kit.html
Kit de Emergencia. Chilean National Disaster Prevention and Response Service, SENAPRED.
https://www.senapred.cl/kit-de-emergencia/
MIDR Esclarece Que Kit de Emergência É Medida Preventiva e Não Tem Relação Com Alerta Nacional. Brazilian Ministry of Integration and Regional Development, 7 November 2026.
https://www.gov.br/mdr/pt-br/noticias/midr-esclarece-que-kit-de-emergencia-e-medida-preventiva-e-nao-tem-relacao-com-alerta-nacional
Emergency Evacuation Supplies. Government of Argentina.
https://www.argentina.gob.ar/node/120158
Combo de la Supervivencia. Peruvian National Institute of Civil Defence, INDECI.
https://www.gob.pe/institucion/indeci/campa%C3%B1as/44189-combo-de-la-supervivencia
Africa
National Disaster Preparedness Guidance. South African Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs, 10 November 2022.
https://www.cogta.gov.za/index.php/2022/11/10/rainy-season/
Disaster Guidelines. City of Cape Town, South Africa.
https://www.capetown.gov.za/family-and-home/safety-in-the-home/natural-disasters-and-your-home/disaster-guidelines/
